45% byangiza imyuka ya karubone mu rwego rwinganda ku isi biva mubikorwa byo gukora ibyuma, ammoniya yubukorikori, Ethylene, sima, nibindi. Ingufu za hydrogène zifite ibintu bibiri biranga ibikoresho fatizo byinganda n’ibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu, kandi bifatwa nkibyingenzi kandi bishoboka. igisubizo cyimbitse ya decarbonisation yinganda. Hamwe n’igabanuka rikabije ry’ibiciro by’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, ikibazo cy’igiciro cya hydrogène kibisi kizakemuka buhoro buhoro, kandi "inganda + hydrogène green" biteganijwe ko zinjira mu nganda z’imiti zifasha ibigo by’imiti kugera ku ivugurura ry’agaciro.
Akamaro ka "hydrogène yicyatsi" yinjira mubikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro nkibikoresho fatizo bya chimique yinganda n’ibyuma n’ibyuma ni uko ishobora guhaza ibikenerwa mu gukoresha ingufu n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere icyarimwe, ndetse ikanatanga inyungu z’ubukungu ku mishinga kugeza tanga umwanya mushya wo kuzamura ubucuruzi.
Ntagushidikanya ko inganda zimiti aribanze. Mu myaka 10 iri imbere, ibicuruzwa bikenerwa n’inganda z’imiti bizakomeza kwiyongera gahoro gahoro, ariko kubera ihinduka ry’imiterere y’umusaruro n’imiterere y’ibicuruzwa, bizanagira ingaruka runaka ku cyifuzo cya hydrogène. Ariko muri rusange, uruganda rukora imiti mumyaka 10 iri imbere ruzaba rwiyongera cyane kubushake bwa hydrogen. Mugihe kirekire, mubisabwa zero-karubone, hydrogène izahinduka ibikoresho fatizo byimiti, ndetse ninganda za hydrogène.
Mu bikorwa, habaye gahunda ya tekiniki n'imishinga yo kwerekana ikoresha hydrogène y'icyatsi nk'ibikoresho fatizo kugira ngo byongerwe mu gutunganya umusaruro w'amakara, kunoza imikoreshereze y'ubukungu ya atome ya karubone, no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Byongeye kandi, hari hydrogène yicyatsi yo gukora ammoniya yubukorikori kugirango ikore "ammonia icyatsi", hydrogène yicyatsi yo gukora methanol kugirango ikore "alcool yicyatsi" nibindi bisubizo bya tekiniki nabyo bikorerwa mubushinwa. Biteganijwe ko mu myaka 10 iri imbere, tekinoroji yavuzwe haruguru iteganijwe kugera ku ntera mu biciro.
Muri "kugabanya ingufu z’icyuma n’ibyuma", "kugira ngo umwaka-mwaka ugabanuke ku musaruro w’ibyuma bya peteroli", ndetse no kuzamura buhoro buhoro gutunganya ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga ndetse na hydrogène bigabanya ibyuma n’ikoranabuhanga, inganda ziteganijwe ejo hazaza hashingiwe ku itanura gakondo itanura ibyuma bisabwa ubushobozi bwa kokiya bizagabanuka, hydrogène ikomoka ku bicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, ariko hashingiwe ku cyifuzo cya hydrogène gikenerwa na hydrogène igabanya ikoranabuhanga ry’icyuma, metallurgie ya hydrogène izabona iterambere. Ubu buryo bwo gusimbuza karubone na hydrogène nkibintu bigabanya gukora ibyuma bituma inzira yo gukora ibyuma itanga amazi aho kuba dioxyde de carbone, mugihe ukoresheje hydrogène kugirango utange isoko yubushyuhe bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru, bityo bikagabanya cyane ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, bifatwa nkicyatsi uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro inganda zibyuma. Kugeza ubu, inganda nyinshi z’ibyuma mu Bushinwa ziragerageza.
Inganda zikenewe ku isoko rya hydrogène yicyatsi zagiye zigaragara buhoro buhoro, ibyerekezo byigihe kizaza ni binini. Nyamara, hari uburyo butatu bwo gukoresha hydrogène nini nkibikoresho fatizo mu murima w’imiti n’ibyuma: 1. Igiciro kigomba kuba gito, byibuze ntabwo kiri munsi yikiguzi cya hydrogène yumukara; 2, urwego rwohereza imyuka ya karubone nkeya (harimo hydrogène yubururu na hydrogène yicyatsi); 3, igitutu cya politiki "ya karubone ebyiri" igomba kuba iremereye bihagije, bitabaye ibyo ntamushinga uzafata iyambere.
Nyuma yimyaka yiterambere, inganda zitanga ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu zinjiye mubyiciro byiterambere rinini, igiciro cyo kubyara amashanyarazi yumuriro n amashanyarazi akomeje kugabanuka. Igiciro cy "amashanyarazi yicyatsi" gikomeje kugabanuka bivuze ko hydrogène yicyatsi izinjira munganda zinganda kandi buhoro buhoro ihinduka ihamye, ihendutse, nini cyane ikoreshwa ryibikoresho fatizo bikomoka ku miti. Mu yandi magambo, hydrogène yicyatsi ihendutse iteganijwe kuvugurura imiterere yinganda zikora imiti no gufungura inzira nshya zo kuzamura inganda!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-07-2024
